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Ribonucleotides

A nucleotide in which a purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose molecule.

RiSC

is an abbreviation for RNA-induced silencing complex which, when guided by an incorporated small RNA, cleaves complementary target mRNA during RNAi.

RNA

abbreviation for Ribonucleic acid which is genetic information consisting of any sequence of ribonucleotides containing bases of adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

RNAi

abbreviation for RNA interference, a natural cellular process in which small interfering RNAs or microRNAs are used to control the normal expression of genes. This process can also be used to target disease-causing genes.

Skeletal muscle disease (myopathy)

is loss of muscle function resulting from degeneration or wasting of the muscle resulting in weakness.

skeletal muscles

are muscles used to create movement by applying force to bones and joints via contraction. They generally contract voluntarily although they can contract involuntarily through reflexes.

Smooth Muscle

is a type of muscle found withing large and small arteries and veins, the bladder, uterus, male and female reproductive tracts, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and the eye.

Stress mediated cardiac remodeling

is a response of the heart to a stimulus often related to a disease.

Stroke

is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain.

Thymine

is a pyrimidine nucleobase used in forming nucleotides of DNA. Thymine base-pairs to adenine via two hydrogen bonds.

Transcription

is the process of transcribing DNA nucleotide sequence information into RNA sequence information.

Transgenic mouse model

A mouse in which a specific gene or miRNA is over-expressed in a cell type of interest.

Transplantation arteriopathy

is damage to the arteries, most often atherosclerosis, after a heart transplant.

Uracil

is a pyrimidine nucleobase used in forming nucleotides of RNA. Uracil base-pairs to adenine via two hydrogen bonds.

Vascular disease

A class of diseases that involve the blood vessels (arteries and veins).

Vascular Smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)

are non-striated muscle cells which is fundamentally different from skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in terms of structure, function, excitation-contraction coupling, and mechanism of contraction.

Vascular system

is composed of the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood, and the lymphatic system, which distributes lymph. It serves to move nutrients, gases and wastes to and from cells which is integral for fighting diseases and stabilizing body temperature and pH.

Ventricle

is either of two heart chambers which collects blood from an atria and pumps it out of the heart.

Volume overload

is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood. This fluid, primarily salt and water, builds up in various locations in the body and leads to an increase in weight, swelling in the legs and arm and possibly fluid in the abdomen.

Wildtype

is the typical form of an organism or gene as it occurs in nature. Wild type refers to the most common phenotype in the natural population

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